Skip to main content

Fieldnote: Between Wood and Stone. Choosing What to Build After The Earthquakes in Bayan Village (April 5th, 2019)


Today, for the first time I went directly to the residents who will get the Community Based Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program (REKOMPAK) assistance. People who get the program assistance are only those who suffered heavy damage to their house. I along with Mr. Tatang, Mr. Gablon, Mr. Arif, and Mr. Man (they are facilitators of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing or PUPR) went together using motorbikes. We stayed in the East Bayan district. To get to Teres Genit district takes about 20 minutes through a fairly difficult road. The first destination belonged to Mr. Madi, a middle-aged farmer. His house was destroyed by a 7 magnitude earthquake. Next to his destroyed house, there was a house of plywood and mild steel which he made himself as a temporary residence. Mr. Madi suffered heavy damage to his house. In fact, he only inhabited his house three months before the earthquake occurred.

Mr. Arif is explaining the REKOMPAK Program to a resident, 2019
According to Mr. Madi, his family was traumatized by conventional houses, but with the presence of REKOMPAK program, he came to know that there were various choices of Earthquake Resistant Houses (RTG) that could be built. Initially, Mr. Madi chose the Instant Wood House (RIKA). But the quality of the wood is difficult to find and the price is very expensive. Building a 7x5 meter house will not be enough with IDR 50.000.000 in aid. Indeed, since the beginning the facilitator gave several choices of Earthquake Resistant House (RTG) to the Bayan community, almost all Community Groups (Pokmas) chose Instant Wood House (RIKA). But if they insist on wanting to build RIKA, they must import quality wood from Kalimantan. One wooden house needs three cubic wood. If they want to build the house, which forest should be cut down? Instead of being profitable, it would add a new disaster.

Actually, the most important criterion in building Earthquake Resistant House (RTG) is the structure. The people's mindset about RTG still needs to be straightened out. RTG is not an earthquake-resistant house, but RTG provides an opportunity for homeowners to save themselves before the house is destroyed. In an RTG study in Japan, this house was only destroyed after 10 to 15 minutes with an earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale.

Mr. Tatang above Mr. Madi's destroyed house, 2019
Mr. Madi wants to build a half-body Conventional Instant House (RIKO). In a sense, half the house is made of bricks and the other half uses bedhek (woven bamboo). The bricks that became walls were only 80 centimeters in size. Mr. Madi was offered to build a Healthy Simple Instant House (RISHA), the most superior house among the four RTGs. But he was not sure that concrete stone could withstand large-scale earthquakes, not to mention if the walls had stuck to the foundation of his house. He felt that a half-bamboo house would be safer because it was light. The process was even easier because he himself would build the house. Basically, the REKOMPAK Program does instill the principle that the community must be able to build their own houses collaboratively.

The second house we visited that day belonged to Mrs. Aminah. Her house also suffered heavy damage. Mr. Arif as the person in charge of engineering in the facilitator's team measured Mrs. Aminah's house must tear down the remains of her old house before it could be rebuilt. Mrs. Aminah questioned the ministry's commitment to this program. Mr. Gablon has always assured the ministry's commitment to not allow a third person to enter the project. So that this program will be carried out by the community concerned without interference from swindler contractors.

Mrs. Aminah is discussing with the facilitators, 2019
At the end of the day, we made a work timeline. Set the date when we have to buy materials for Mr. Madi's house, and when we have to demolish the rest of Mrs. Aminah's house. The first week is deliberately used as a need assessment of the target community.


Indonesian translation:

Hari ini untuk pertama kalinya saya terjun langsung ke rumah warga yang akan mendapatkan bantuan Program Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Masyarakat Berbasis Komunitas (REKOMPAK). Masyarakat yang mendapat bantuan rumah hanyalah mereka yang mengalami kerusakan berat. Saya bersama Bang Tatang, Bang Gablon, Bang Arif, dan Bang Man (mereka adalah fasilitator Kementerian PUPR) pergi bersama menggunakan sepeda motor. Kami tinggal di Dusun Bayan Timur, untuk menuju ke Dusun Teres Genit membutuhkan waktu sekitar 20 menit melewati jalan yang cukup sulit. Rumah pertama yang menjadi tujuan merupakan milik Pak Madi, seorang petani paruh baya. Rumahnya hancur akibat gempa bumi 7 SR. Di sebelah rumahnya yang hancur, terdapat rumah dari kasibot dan baja ringan yang ia buat sendiri sebagai hunian sementara. Pak Madi mengalami kerusakan berat pada rumahnya. Padahal, rumahnya baru ia huni tiga bulan sebelum gempa bumi terjadi. 

Menurut penuturan Pak Madi, keluarganya trauma dengan rumah konvensional, tetapi dengan hadirnya REKOMPAK, ia jadi tau ada berbagai pilihan Rumah Tahan Gempa (RTG) yang dapat dibangun. Awalnya Pak Madi memilih Rumah Instan Kayu (RIKA). Namun kualitas kayu yang dibutuhkan harus awet 1 dan awet 2. Kayu dengan kualitas tersebut sulit dicari dan harganya sangat mahal. Membangun rumah seluas 7x5 meter tidak akan cukup dengan uang bantuan Rp50.000.000. 

Memang, sejak awal fasilitator memberi beberapa pilihan RTG pada masyarakat Bayan, hampir semua Kelompok Masyarakat (Pokmas) memilih RIKA. Namun jika mereka ngotot ingin membangun RIKA, mereka harus impor kayu berkualitas dari Kalimantan. Satu rumah kayu membutuhkan tiga kubik kayu. Jika begitu, hutan mana yang harus digundulkan? Bukannya menguntungkan, malah menambah bencana baru. 

Sebenarnya kriteria yang paling penting dalam membangun RTG adalah struktur. Pola pikir masyarakat tentang RTG masih perlu diluruskan. RTG bukanlah rumah anti gempa, tetapi RTG memberikan kesempatan bagi pemilik rumah untuk menyelamatkan diri sebelum rumahnya hancur. Dalam sebuah penelitian RTG di Jepang, rumah ini baru hancur setelah 10 sampai 15 menit dengan kekuatan gempa sebesar 8 SR.  

Pak Madi ingin membangun Rumah Instan Konvensional (RIKO) setengah badan. Dalam arti, setengah rumahnya terbuat dari batu bata dan setengahnya lagi menggunakan bedhek (anyaman bambu). Batu bata yang menjadi dinding hanya berukuran 80 sentimeter. Tiang yang akan digunakan berkualitas level dua. Pak Madi sempat ditawarkan membangun Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA), rumah yang paling unggul di antara keempat RTG. Namun ia tidak yakin beton dapat menahan gempa skala besar, belum lagi jika temboknya sudah menempel dengan fondasi rumahnya. Ia merasa rumah setengah bambu akan lebih aman karena ringan. 

Pengerjaannya pun lebih mudah, karena ia sendiri yang akan membangun rumah tersebut. Pada dasarnya, Program REKOMPAK memang menanamkan prinsip bahwa masyarakat harus bisa membangun rumahnya sendiri secara kolaboratif.  

Rumah kedua yang kami singgahi hari itu merupakan milik Bu Aminah. Rumahnya juga mengalami kerusakan berat. Bang Arif selaku penanggung jawab bagian teknik, mengukur rumah Bu Aminah untuk merubuhkan sisa-sisa rumah lamanya sebelum dapat dibangun kembali. Bu Aminah sempat mempertanyakan komitmen kementerian terhadap program ini. Bang Gablon selalu meyakinkan komitmen kementerian yang tidak mengizinkan orang ketiga masuk ke dalam proyek ini. Sehingga program ini akan dikerjakan oleh masyarakat bersangkutan tanpa campur tangan kontraktor-kontraktor nakal.  

Sepulang dari sana, kami membuat timeline kerja. Tanggal berapa kami harus membeli material untuk rumah Pak Madi, serta tanggal berapa kami harus merubuhkan sisa rumah Bu Aminah. Kegiatan di siang hari biasa dihabiskan untuk berkeliling dan berdiskusi dengan masyarakat, sedangkan malam hari digunakan untuk evaluasi dan membuat laporan. Begitu terus hingga peletakan batu pertama dilakukan. Minggu pertama sengaja digunakan sebagai need assessment atau penjajagan kebutuhan masyarakat binaan.  

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Fieldnote: Challenges for Traditional Values and Giving Aid in Disaster Relief (May 21st, 2019)

After nearly two months in Bayan Village, I have participated in several traditional activities. This morning I had to help Ina (mother) at a neighbor's house who had just passed away. In Bayan Village, the death ceremony is held for a long time. The first process is tujuh harian , where every day for a week, we have to help families provide food and drinks for guests. It will continue until a thousand days ceremony. Villagers of Bayan wash the rice in the context of traditional ceremonies, 2019 The ceremony was held at the traditional house. This traditional house is local wisdom that they really want to re-apply after the earthquake disaster destroyed their houses. But this desire has serious challenges: limited natural resources and a growing number of human populations. The price of thatch can reach IDR 30.000/bunch, whereas to build one house alone requires more than one hundred bunch of weeds. Then there are also stereotypes that have been labeled by the government...

Fieldnote: Angels Sent for Migrants in Rempek Village (March 28th, 2019)

At 5 AM after the dawn call to prayer, the ship finally arrived at the Lembar Port in Lombok. As promised, I was picked up by Mr. Gunawan to his house to rest for a while before continuing the journey to Mataram. At 7 AM I left for the Panca Karsa Office to meet with Mrs. Lina, a friend of my aunt. Mrs. Lina was very friendly and immediately told me a story related to the NGO where she works. Mrs. Endang is opening a Village Level Regulation Training event, 2019 The Panca Karsa group was founded in 1988. It was conceived by Mrs. Endang who was also the chief director for 11 years. With an advocacy background, the members who are, on average, former law students aim to help PMI (Indonesian Migrant Workers) or BMI (Indonesian Migrant Workers) get rid of various problems. The target of their assistance is in five villages in North Lombok Regency (KLU), among which I know are Rempek Village and Teniga Village. That day Panca Karsa provided training to 20 selected people. The tr...

Short Introduction of Bayan

Bayan is a village located in Bayan Subdistrict, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Situated in the northern region of Mount Rinjani, it serves as one of the entry points to this iconic mountain. The village is accessible by sea or air. From Bali, a ferry ride from Padangbai Harbor to Lembar Harbor on Lombok takes about four hours. Alternatively, a quick 15-minute flight from Bali's Ngurah Rai Airport to Lombok Praya Airport offers a faster option. Source: Bayan Village Book Profile, 2019 Getting to Bayan From Lembar Harbor, Bayan Village is approximately a 3-4 hour drive, passing through Mataram, Senggigi, Pemenang, Tanjung, Gangga, and Kayangan. Public transportation, such as the "Engkel" (a type of bus), can take you from Bertais in Mataram to Anyar Terminal for around Rp40,000. A quicker route is available via a fast boat from Padangbai Harbor to Bangsal Harbor in Pemenang, costing Rp150,000 for a 1.5-hour trip. Traditional Architecture and Settlement Pa...